Is Social Media Dangerous_ Essays - Articles, Digital Media

Tiffany Roberts Mr. D'Ambrosio CP ELA 12, Period 3 May 2, 2019 With the invention of the internet, a new tool for endless person and social advancement came with it. It is easy to see how the invention of the internet has advanced society in terms of math and science, personal development and made day to day life simpler and easier. It is also possible that over usage of this tool can lead to negative effects. The internet allows for online classes and universities for advancing education, helping to find jobs faster and easier, buying any product that comes to mind and having it delivered in days or minutes and connecting to those around and around the world. Many scientific advancements came about with computer programs with internet based servers to connect with others have contributed to projects such as the Orion test flights, the testing stages of human exploration to Mars, and the Google Lens, a product that monitors glucose levels in diabetics. (Larsen). Before social media and the internet became mainstream, the way to commu nicate with penpals around the world was through letters. Prior to children being taught to use the internet, pen pal projects were frequent and used letters, and then emails, as the internet became more accessible to schools. Email is an early form of social media, along with blogs, Six Degrees, and Friendster. (History Cooperative) Blogs have been replaced with vlogs, video blogs that serve the same purpose blogs have and still do. Six Degrees and Friendster are two forms of social media that are no longer used. For the purpose of this paper, social media will be defined as online communication. Social media also depends on user-generated content. This is why typical websites and blogs do not get included in the world of social media. There are only certain people that can post to these sites, and there are significant restrictions on the types of content that get uploaded. The typical social media that comes to mind such as Snapchat and Instagram have no restrictions, excluding pornographic and violent content. These forms of social media are user friendly and allow anyone who wishes to create an account to post. Social media's origin is considered to be Samuel Morse's first telegraph, which he sent in 1844 between Washington, D.C. and Baltimore, as it was the first wireless connection to communicate. (History Cooperative) However, this origin does not meet the definition of social media mentioned previously. With the definition created before, the origin of social media would be in the 1970s, when the internet first came to the public, however most computers were much too expensive for the average household. (History Cooperative) It was not until the 1980s and 1990s that the internet became more mainstream. (History Cooperative) Six Degrees is created as the first social media outlet in 1997, and coming out of use in 2001. (History Cooperative) Friendster came about as competitor to Six Degrees in 2002, and remade itself in 2011 as a gaming site. (History Cooperative) These sites paved the way for other sites, such as MySpace, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and many others. With these sites and apps, there are also dangers that come with it, such as identity theft, data misuse, oversharing, and malicious links. (Banerjee) As long as you have common sense while using the internet, it is a tool for recreation, work and other activities. Some social media and overall internet common sense is to avoid spam profiles, such as not adding account of people that are not personally known, not oversharing on social media profiles, and identifying fake apps, malware and suspicious links. (Banerjee) The overall lesson to be learned for social media is that if you don't know, don't completely trust it, or feel in any way suspicious to avoid it, not click on it, and move along. As for oversharing on a social media profile, this can contribute to avoiding a robbery, avoiding being hacked, and protecting personal information. (Internet Safety 101) Many young people and those who are new to the internet and social media feel the need to share every little detai l, however this can help aid hackers in guessing a password and security questions.

Factors affecting cooling rate Essay Example

Factors affecting cooling rate Essay Example Factors affecting cooling rate Paper Factors affecting cooling rate Paper Heat energy is conducted from the hot end to the cold end. It is transferred from atom to atom. At the hot end the atoms are vibrating a lot. The vibration is gradually passed along to the other atoms as they collide into each other. This happens in all substances, but in a metal something extra happens. A metal has many free-moving electrons. These free-electrons can travel through the metal, transferring the energy more quickly. Convection: The transfer of energy, by the movements of particles only in liquids and gases Radiation: Energy from the Sun reaches us after travelling through space at the speed of light. When this hits an object, some of it is taken in or absorbed. This makes the molecules vibrate more and so the object hotter. Objects take in and take and give out energy as radiation all the time. Different objects give out different amounts of radiation depending on their temperature and their surface. Isaac Newton stated that the rate at which a warm object cools is approximately proportional to the temperature difference between the temperature of the warm object and the temperature of its surroundings. This is a typical cooling rate graph. Factors that affect the cooling rate of a liquid: Different sized beakers. Beakers made from different materials and colours. Conduction. Radiation. Evaporation. Infrared Waves. 1.) Different sized beakers. Convection can only take place in gases and liquids. Convection cannot take place in a solid because particles have restrictive movement. In a large beaker, there is a larger area for the liquid to transfer heat to whereas in a small beaker, there is a smaller area for the liquid to transfer heat to so less heat will be transferred. 2.) Beakers made from different materials and colours. 3.) Conduction of Heat. Conduction of heat is the process where vibrating particles pass on their extra kinetic energy to neighbouring particles. 4.) Radiation. 5.) Evaporation. When a liquid below its boiling point changes into a gas, this is called evaporation. It happens because some particles in the liquid move faster than others. The faster ones near the surface have enough energy to escape to form a gas. 6.) Infrared. Energy to heat us up travels from the Sun at the speed of light, jut like the light rays. The rays which cause the most heating are called infrared waves. All objects emit some infrared because of the motion of their atoms or molecules. Most radiate a wide range of wavelengths. As an object heats up, it radiates more and more infrared and shorter wavelengths. Aim: To investigate how the surface area of a beaker affects the cooling rate of a liquid. Prediction: I predict that the bigger the beaker, the less time it will take for the liquid to cool down. This is because gases and liquids are more liable to move around which allows them to transfer heat easily by convection. Convection cannot take place in solids because the particles have restrictive movement. In a bigger beaker, the particles have a larger area to transfer heat to whereas in a smaller beaker water particles have less area to move around in so less heat would be transferred. We know that if anything hot is poured it will eventually cool down. This process is rapid at first, then after a long period of time, the temperature of the liquid reaches room temperature. These temperature variations for cooling objects were summarised by Isaac Newton. He stated that the rate at which a warm object cools is approximately proportional to the temperature difference between the temperature of the warm object and the temperature of its surroundings. Fair Test: Start temperature: Ensure that the initial temperature reading of the water is always 70à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C for all experiments. This is to make sure that there is no temperature variation in the start temperature. It will be taken into account that there will be a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.5% accuracy level of this reading. Time: Ensure that the temperature readings are recorded as accurately as possible to sixty seconds for each experiment using a digital stopwatch. Radiation: Heat Radiation travels through transparent material such as glass. Therefore wrap a layer of aluminium foil around the beaker. Convection: Convection occurs when particles move from the hotter region to the cooler region. To ensure that no heat is lost due to this place an insulating material (wool) around the beaker. Evaporation: When a liquid evaporates, faster particles escape from its surface to form a gas. However, unless the gas is removed, some of the particles will return to the liquid. Place an insulating material (wood) that fits into the top part of the beaker to reduce evaporation. Room Temperature: While I carry out the experiment I will make sure that the room temperature is always the same using a thermometer with a 0.5% accuracy level.

Question 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Question 2 - Assignment Example This study will involve the analysis of the key theories and constructs into scholarly works that relates to the relationship between cultural diversity and organizational culture. The following pointers will be highlighted throughout the studies: Cultural diversity is an important and vital aspect of organizations today. This is because there is a general trend towards inclusion in the organizations around the country and issues perceived to be racist are treated with the highest levels of criticism and hostility. Cultural diversity is seen as a method of promoting inclusion in an organization and diversifying the processes and systems used by an organization to ensure that people from all different backgrounds get represented in an organization (Laleye, 2012). Culture is the way a group of people live and this is represented by the outward expression of their different processes and preferences for various things (Kelley & Fitzsimons, 2010). According to one definition â€Å"culture consists of shared beliefs, values and attitudes that guide the behaviors of group members in a given location.† (Kelley & Fitzsimons, 2010, p. 151). Culture and diversity are important aspects of the society. According to Hoftstede, culture is the software of the mind that guides the way people behave and react to certain things and situations (Hofstede, 2010). This is a standardized definition which explains the role and importance of culture in a given society and community. This involves the different processes and aspects of a given place and location and it affects the way people behave and carry out their activities and processes. Culture therefore forms a framework within which people act and behave in relation to their upbringing and other innate qualities that are representative of the group they belong to. Different people have different cultures and different social and cultural trends

Ombine the processes of consultancy and project management with people Essay

Ombine the processes of consultancy and project management with people management - Essay Example In order to understand the financial as well as human resource aspects, work breakdown structure will be drawn and budget will be analyzed for the overall project. Time constraint is the most important factor for the success of the project. Failure to deliver the project in time may have an adverse affect on the expected benefit of the project. Hence, the project has taken into consideration the time schedule and network diagram has been developed so as to analyze it. It is also important to determine the risk of the project as risk management is the significant consideration of the project. Therefore, the project will also throw light onto the risk that is associated with the project. Emperor Capital Group Limited was established in the year 1993 and is a Hong Kong based investment holding company. It has been providing various ranges of financial services to the customers. It has been facilitating the brokerage services for various products like securities, future, options, bonds that are traded on the exchanges in Hong Kong, Japan and in the US (Emperor Group, 2010). The company also provides Margin and IPO financing, as well as it has been pioneer in providing loans and other related services to its clients. It is to be noted that the brokerage business of the company has been running since last 12 years along with stable business development. In the year 1994, headquarter was moved to a newly made Emperor Group Center that was located in Wanchai, Hong Kong. Emperor Futures Limited was also established in the same year that provided investors the financial services like securities and future trading. The year 2007 was marked as the most remarkable year as Emperor Capital Group Limited got listed on the main board under the stock exchanges of Hong Kong (Corporate Information, 2010). The company maintains corporate governance and is also committed for effective accountability mechanism in every part of

Cultural myth in once upon a Quinceaera by Julia Alvarez Assignment

Cultural myth in once upon a Quinceaera by Julia Alvarez - Assignment Example Just as the cultural myth of gender roles is describe in the article â€Å"True Women and Real Men† in the book Rereading America, Alvarez explores the categories of gender as they are constructed by the society. She uses social research, the quinceanera story of a girl named Monica, her personal experience and history to explore the cultural myth of gender roles. This paper will describe how the cultural myth of gender roles is presented as one that enforces the differences between women and men in Once Upon a Quinceanera: Coming of Age in the USA. Ideally, Once Upon a Quinceanera: Coming of Age in the USA pushes readers to question the cultural perceptions of gender as embedded in rites of passage rituals. Having left the Dominican Republic at the time she would have had her own quinceanera, Alvarez examines how gender is perceived among girls who are not sure themselves of the significance of the ritual. The cultural myth of gender roles is deeply entangled with the identities of individuals as determined by the cultural values they have internalized from infancy. In her book, Alvarez neither presents arguments for gender superiority nor inferiority but, rather, presents the case as typically perceived by the Latina community. The clear message embodied in the quinceanera concept as opined in Alvarez’s book is that the Latina girl is expected to get married, devote herself to her husband and have children. In the US, as Alvarez implies, a quince (or Latina girl coming of age) is exceedingly dramatized and the scenario often entails the parents overspending in what seems to be advertising their daughter for marriage. Symbolically, during the ceremony, the young girl is dressed much like a bride. Then her father changes her flat shoes with high heels, claims the first waltz and passes her on to an uncle, brother or grandfather and finally an escort. Ideally, it is a wedding rehearsal just short of a

Criticisms of Disability Legislation in the UK

Criticisms of Disability Legislation in the UK Do you agree that mentally ill and disabled people are the poor relatives of anti-discriminatory thought and practice? Introduction Disablism and disability The introduction of new legislation against discrimination of disabled people in 2005 marks a temporary milestone in the heated debate on appropriate legislative measures.[1] The last two decades have seen an enormous transformation of anti-discriminatory policy, theoretical and conceptual approach and attempts to solidify these changes in the practices of public life. Arguably the changes have been long overdue, given that antidiscrimination law was hopelessly outdated (1944) and did not reflect the shift in attitudes towards the notions of social justice and inclusion as it affected the relationship between disabled and able-bodied people in society. Whether the most recent proposals for legislative review (2005) redefine the disability agenda in a sufficiently radical manner is debatable. Yet, it seems a shared view in the literature that huge strides have been made towards achieving more equality for disable persons and that the urgency and validity of constant legislative review is recognised by the government. This essay explores the extent to which the changes in law, practice and general attitudes of the public reflect sufficiently the needs of disabled people for adequate recognition of their social, economic and domestic needs in modern society. It will focus mainly on the debate that has taken place in the UK following the first significant changes introduced by parliament in 1995 (under the Major government) and leading up to the last round of public consultation under the Blair government. It will look at three distinct but interrelated fields that seem relevant for a comprehensive answer to the question: first, what are the legislative changes and how did they affect the status and societal position of disabled people in Britain. Second, what policies are currently favoured by the government and local authority effectively addressing the problems that originate in widespread discrimination against disabled persons. And third, what are the conceptual difficulties that underlie the l egal and practical problems with framing the disability agenda in the UK. The aspects one and three will be discussed in the section below, aspect three will be explored in more detail in the last section of this essay. Prior to sketching all three fields of inquiry, however, we need to introduce a concept that has informed more recent critical discussion of discrimination and disability. Disablism is supposed to denote a particular constellation of cultural values, forms of personal prejudice and social constraints that result in severe but often unnoticed types of discriminating behaviour. Outlining the structure and content of discrimination therefore would allow us to identify hidden components of the problem that may escape critical consideration. Disablism attempts to redefine the nature of the various barriers that are discriminatory in character but unrecognised since they are part of habitual human conduct. A sociological critique of disablism would enhance out understanding of the underlying patterns of discrimination. Sociologists speak of PCS which stands for the three elements that make up disablist attitudes in public.[2] Personal prejudice, cultural values and social stratification th at originates in disability and the exclusion of disabled people from mainstream public life. Theorists also highlight the complex interaction between concepts of disability and the capitalist economy which emphasises wage labour and the pursuit of profit.[3] All these various factors act as building blocs for disablism which in turn diminishes the chances of public participation by disabled persons. It fosters an attitude which frames disability as a personal tragedy and de-publicises its impact. Seen as an individual misfortune disablism tends to ignore the social dimension of disability and hence underplays the social and political leverage in alleviating some of the effects of discrimination. It echoes therefore the predominant medical model of disability and rejects any social involvement in rectifying the various instances of discrimination by disabled people. Law and the concept of disability Ever since parliament passed the Disability Discrimination Act in 1995, the criticism by academics and practitioners has focused to a large degree on the legal foundations and the conceptual basis of the legislation. Although the literature is fundamentally critical to the implementation of the Act (henceforth DDA) the bulk of the literature deals with the profound conceptual flaws of the law. Since conceptual and legalistic facets go together and combine to detrimental effects, this section of the essay will explore both aspects together rather than separately. With the ostensible failure of the previous legislation to tackle the problems of discrimination in any consistent fashion, the Major government brought in the new law in 1995 to base anti-discriminatory policies on a updated and more coherent conceptual framework. The shortcomings of this new legislation in the face of numerous challenges for disabled people in modern society however contributed to an almost universal understanding that another consultation process on new legislation was needed and the Blair government anticipates to pass the new DDA this year. The DDA in 1995 marks a significant shift from the original quota requirement to a more regulatory approach which basically emphasises the individual responsibilities of disabled persons in achieving similar status and positions in society. The state acts only as a regulatory body, placing constraints on players in the economic and social domain. This concurs with the broadly liberal theory of society where similar life chanc es are stressed and any bias against irrelevant aspects of individuals are being removed in considering their abilities to function as social agents. In general, the idea is to minimise subjectivity and standardise any decision-making process. Although the various strategies for intervention take place at different stages in the discriminatory process[4], legislation focuses on providing the broader framework within which discriminatory behaviour is identified and possibly prosecuted. Such a liberal notion of individuals and society can accommodate special treatment under certain circumstances for example when equality of opportunity is compromised by the lack of a level playing field. In fact, most of the anti-discrimination legislation of the 1990s has favoured a similar approach and it will be argued later in this essay that such a convergence of approach when dealing with different origins of discrimination is gravely mistaken and enshrines complex conceptual problems into the DDA. (SDA and RRA were drawn up under the Major government and subsequently superseded by more advanced legislation. New legislation on ‘Incitement of racial hatred’ is being debated currently in both houses of parliament. As such the legislative is pretty much in flux). Let us now look at the problems that the DDA has created for disabled persons in the UK. Practitioners and theorists often locate the main dilemma in what they call the medical model of disability which informs the DDA in its current form. They contrast this medical model with a social model which recognises the social dimension of disability and hence widens the fields of societal responsibilities in combating discrimination considerably. Roulstone remarks: ‘The social construction of when harm occurs is entirely central to discussions about the workings and effectiveness of anti-discrimination legislation.’[5] But why is this so? How exactly do the two models differ? Woodhams and Corby outline the problematic nature of the definition of disability in the DDA. The statutory definition identifies somebody as disabled who has ‘a physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long-term edverse effect on his [sic] ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities.’[6] The core problem with this definition extends to three areas. First, it attributes disability to a form of impairment, second, it contrasts disability against a norm of human behaviour which asserts a complete and paradigmatic functioning of body and brain, and third, it articulates a benchmark for validating disability by introducing the notion of substantiality and long-term affliction.[7] The medical model thus contributes to a certain bias in evaluating the severity of the disability by (a) assuming that disability supposes a lack of ability which spills over into a lack of functioning ‘normally’. It thus presupposes normality as a criterion while failing to define it accurately. The definition enshrines a picture of difference between people who suffer from a disability and those who do not. Impairment becomes tantamount to ‘abnormality’ which is thought to derive from a personal tragedy not to be able to perform certain activities .[8] Consequently this medical model asserts (b) the need to assist and help the disabled person and therefore often exacerbates the tendencies for patronising or as Woodhams puts it, ‘the impaired individual remains subservient to the teams of ‘disability experts’ charged with ‘helping’, ‘rectifying’ (pitying and patronising) them.’[9] In contrast the social model which some theorists advocate as reflecting more accurately the social dimension of any disability, suggests that the origin of any disability lies in the perception of difference that is prompted by notions of normality. Hence, any anti-discrimination strategy must take into account the cultural values and social construction of normality upon which discriminatory behaviour is built. Woodhams writes: ‘As a result, the territory of ‘correction’ becomes society and the environment, rather than the person with the impairment.’[10] Recognising the role of socialisation and perception are central for any serious programme for change. Some theorists even go further and argue that although the social model widens the field of anti-discriminatory policies and correctly acknowledges the responsibility of social attitudes in discrimination against disabled people, it still lacks recognition of another vital element in debasing or derogatory practice. Even the social model, they note, excludes that group of people who may be subject to discriminatory conduct simply because they are being associated with a disabled person or because they are perceived to be disabled.[11] Additionally, there is a lack to have appreciation for discrimination that ‘may be based on other people’s fears of contracting illness’[12] such as HIV. In general the DDA fails to acknowledge the varied and complex nature of disabilities and therefore also falls short in grasping the multifaceted character of discriminatory behavi our. Woodhams concludes: ‘Disability†¦is frequently invisible, indecipherable and unstable.’[13] With respect to the way in which the legislator has framed the notion of disability various problems arise. The essay will summarily point to some but will not be able to explore them comprehensively and in detail. The current practice in employment tribunals (henceforth: ET) illustrates some of the crucial shortcomings of the DDA. ET very often lack the expertise to deal with the complex issues that are involved in disability litigation. The small number of cases (only 2% of ET cases deal with infringement of rights by disabled persons) means that there will be no radical change in this situation and ET personnel will for a long time coming still work under conditions of insufficient medical proficiency. Since the DDA clearly locates the burden of proof with the disabled person, claimants often have to procure (frequently heavily contested) medical evidence, a process which is costly and often prohibitive given the divergence of medical assessment and the vagueness of thresholds of ‘impairments’ in defining disability. In effect, it is noted in the literature that a remarkable gap between the legal stipulation and the practical application of the DDA by human resources has already opened up. Human resources personnel often apply the DDA intuitively and therefore come closer to recognition of impairment than medical experts, consequently undermining the strict and rigorous application of the law.[14] In practice, it seems also customary to ignore the impact of environmental factors which often contribute to the development and persistence of a disability, while hidden aspects of disabilities are failed to be recognised routinely. Sociologists also point out that the DDA places the claimant in a position where decision-making power is firmly located in the hands of defendants. Successful claims are therefore extremely rare, even when taking into account the number of out of court settlements. The DDA works with an underdeveloped notion of judicial harm as well as constructs formidable hurdles when it comes to defining the nature and origins of harm. This often diminishes the confidence of claimants to articulate grievances and contributes to the fact that many unseen or contested impairments are underrepresented in claims. Effectively the success rate of disability litigation is very low, ‘not because treatment less favourable is not established, but because specific legal tests are not met.’[15] The absence of legal aid in many cases exacerbates the problem for disabled persons who feel their rights have been infringed upon and, consequently many practitioners and theorists propose to introduce a set of prima facie criteria which would make it easier for claimants to get a particular impairment acknowledged. Such a set of criteria would also ensure that an unambiguous acknowledgment of rights and their possible infringement would be easier to obtain in particular cases. The small amount of compensation and the small number of successful cases for such compensation in ET indicates that the DDA still failed to define a clear benchmark for discriminatory behaviour.[16] Some sociologists have gone as far as characterising the DDA as being grounded ‘on profoundly social meanings masquerading as pure realms of law.’[17] We do not need to share this slightly Marxist criticism of the DDA to recognise that the current law is heavily biased against disabled victims of discrimination and rests on incoherent conceptual framework. Policy and Discrimination Most policies initiated by the government after the introduction of the DDA in 1995 focuses on the barriers disabled people face in public life and employment. The inbuilt bias of the DDA against disabled persons is exemplified neatly by the underlying motivation for incorporating disabled persons into the competitive labour market. Although participation in the first labour market is as such a desirable intention, it is widely suspected that the government’s motivation to push this agenda forward has more to do with decreasing expenditure than improving the quality of life for disabled people.[18] It is equally regrettable that for comparative purposes there is still no reliable data on the various groups of disabled people across Europe. The reason why this may be important in the future is that the European Union has, after an initial period of hesitation, become a main driver in anti-discriminatory legislation which has full application in the UK. As the EU becomes a more proactive player in the field and begins to formulate policies that are implemented on a European scale, the conflicts between national and European legislation creates problems. Hvinden uses the concepts of crowded and vacant policy fields to distinguish between those policy areas that are likely to creatively absorb new legislation from the EU and those that are not. He argues that, in addition to various disability legislation, anti-discrimination policies often have to take into account that victims are subject not simply to singular dimensions of discrimination but that attempts to discriminate against others are often motivated by concepts of normality which rests on multiple aspects of human existence. For example, discrimination against disabled people can carry significant elements of gendered behaviour, which anti-discriminatory practice must recognise to be effective.[19] The policy instruments available to European governments differ widely amongst the member states, but there seems to be a sort of convergence emerging when it comes to what Hvinden calls the rights and opportunity discourse.[20] Although this is something that the DDA failed to appreciate in all its complexity, practitioners have gradually come to understand this dimension as the inevitable core of anti-discriminatory strategy in the field of disability. As the European Commission redefines its role in the fight against discrimination, national governments are gently pushed towards a notion that equal opportunities for disabled people should occupy the heart of any future legislation. While the DDA was still far removed from stipulating full active citizenship and participation in public life as the main objective and following this up with effective policy implementation, the increasing involvement of European lawmakers in this field may exert considerable weight to such an agenda.[ 21] Much depends on the future decisions of the European Court of Justice and the articulation of legal competence by this body.[22] Conclusion The DDA was clearly based on a flawed definition of disability, resting it on the medical model which made it difficult for disabled persons to articulate the social dimension of any disability. Policies that were supposed to combat discrimination against disabled people were thus misdirected and neglected the cultural and social component in discriminatory behaviour. Although since 1995, the need for further and more sophisticated legislation is almost universally recognised, the current proposals for consultation must place the social construction of disability at the heart of the debate if it wants to avoid similarly misguided policies and ineffective strategies to combat discrimination. Bibliography Bjoern Hvinden. The Uncertain Convergence of Disability Policies in Western Europe, in Social Policy and Administration, Vol. 37, No.6, December 2003, pp.609-624. Carol Woodhams and Susan Corby. Defining Disability in Theory and Practice: A Critique of the British Disability Discrimination Act 1995, in Journal for Social Policy. Vol. 32, No.2, pp.159-178. Alan Roulstone. The Legal Road to Rights? Disabling Premises, Obiter Dicta and the Disability Discrimination Act 1995, in Disability and Society, Vol. 18, No.2, 2003, pp.117-131. Liz Sayce. Beyond Good Intentions. Making Anti-Discrimination Strategies Work, in Disability and Society. Vol.18, No.5, August 2003, pp.625-642. Neil Thompson. Anti-Discriminatory Practice. Second Edition. Basingstoke: MacMillan 1997. Rights of People with Intellectual Disabilities. Access to Education and Employment. Monitoring Report United Kingdom. Budapest: Open Society Institute 2005. 1 Footnotes [1] For an overview of legislation cf. Rights of People with Intellectual Disabilities. Access to Education and Employment. Monitoring Report United Kingdom. Budapest: Open Society Institute 2005, pp.51-58. [2] Neil Thompson. Anti-Discriminatory Practice. Second Edition. Basingstoke: MacMillan 1997, p.107-109. [3] Thompson, Practice, p.108. [4] Liz Sayce. Beyond Good Intentions. Making Anti-Discrimination Strategies Work, in Disability and Society. Vol.18, No.5, August 2003, p.633. [5] Alan Roulstone. The Legal Road to Rights? Disabling Premises, Obiter Dicta and the Disability Discrimination Act 1995, in Disability and Society, Vol. 18, No.2, 2003, p.122. [6] quoted in Carol Woodhams and Susan Corby. Defining Disability in Theory and Practice: A Critique of the British Disability Discrimination Act 1995, in Journal for Social Policy. Vol. 32, No.2, p.163. [7] Woodhams, Defining Disability, p.163. [8] Woodhams, Defining Disability, p. 164 [9] Woodhams, Defining Disability, p.164. [10] Woodhams, Defining Disability, p.164. [11] Woodhams, Defining Disability, p.164. [12] Woodhams, Defining Disability, p.165. [13] Woodhams, Defining Disability, p.165. [14] Woodhams, Defining Disability, p.168. [15] Roulstone, Legal Road, p.124. [16] Roulstone, Legal Road, p.126. [17] Roulstone, Legal Road, p.129. [18] Bjoern Hvinden. The Uncertain Convergence of Disability Policies in Western Europe, in Social Policy and Administration, Vol. 37, No.6, December 2003, p.616. [19] Hvinden, Convergence, p. 612. [20] Hvinden, Convergence, pp.617-618. [21] Hvinden, Convergence, p.620. [22] Hvinden, Convergence, p.624.

human reason Essay -- essays research papers

Perspectives on Human Reason   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Human reason is a topic that, without a doubt, can have multiple outlooks by various individuals. Descartes believed that reason was the ultimate cornerstone of human knowledge, while Pascale believed that reason alone could not allow someone to attain knowledge. He felt there were limits on reason. Both tried, to the best of their ability, to back their beliefs and make others see their point of view. Descartes doubted the senses and believed that people only knew things through the content of their mind through human reason. Descartes used logical deductive reasoning to question the certainty of the senses. He states, â€Å"I have found that these senses sometimes deceive me, and it is a matter of prudence never to confide completely in those who have deceived us even once† (Descartes 26). His basic question that he sought to find the answer for is very complex yet seems so simple when reflecting upon it. How can we actually know things, for certain? How do we know that the sky is actually blue, or that the earth is round? Is there any certain proof to reveal the fact of anything? Are the ideas we form in our minds and perceptions we have the truth? These are the types of things Descartes thought about. He questioned the certainty of absolutely everything. â€Å"I have no senses at all; body, figure, extension, movement and place are chimeras. What will, then, be true? Perhaps just this one thing: that there is nothing cer...

Comparing hardy extract and the times article Essay

In ‘Far from the Madding Crowd’, the author put great emphasis into using nature to describe the effects of the storm. The cleaving of the tree shows the storm’s power and ferocity. The author also uses the actions of the neighbouring wild life to show their reaction towards the storm. They are fearful of the storm, â€Å"galloping about in the wildest maddest confusion†. Their chaos is shown as they â€Å"fling their heels and tails high into the air, their heads to earth†. In ‘The Times’ extract, most of the focus is on the uses of the visual and auditory senses to heighten the experience of the rollercoaster ride. It is easy to imagine the writer’s experience though the ways that she portrays every detail of the rollercoaster, from â€Å"trundling away† off the rollercoaster, to the â€Å"hurtling through space†, to the â€Å"drawing back towards the platform†. She describes the â€Å"Tchika, tchika, thicka†¦ † of the carriages clinking against each other as she approaches the zenith. You can relate to the way she feels as she trundles off, â€Å"like an egg in a carton†. When she reaches the pinnacle, she describes the merry-go-rounds â€Å"no bigger than musical boxes,† its coaster tracks â€Å"like Meccano toys†. The ‘Times’ article also puts emphasis into the uses of the narrator and of the man behind her. The story is in first person narrative format. The narrator tells the story exactly how she sees it through her own eyes. She tells of every vision, sound, emotion and feeling. The narrator adds life to the experience, telling us her thoughts and fears, â€Å"Oh my God! Had I got as high as that? † The other character in this piece is the man sitting behind her on the rollercoaster. He dissolves all her confidence in an instance when he tells her, â€Å"That’s the sc-a-a-a-riest seat†. He adds depth to the ambience of the experience. In ‘Far from the Madding Crowd’, Hardy uses the contrast of light and dark to make the scene seem eerie. The light is described as â€Å"intertwined undulating snakes of green† embedded into the surrounding darkness. Another form of light is from the candle shining in Bathsheba’s bedroom. Also â€Å"a blue light appeared in the zenith†. The use of chiaroscuro is present here in presenting the dark form. The extract starts with light, but ends with black. In ‘Far from the Madding Crowd’, the use of language and sentence structure has depth and profundity to it. The â€Å"dance of death† is the surreal supernatural description of the storm, with â€Å"skeleton†¦ shaped with blue fire for bones†. The â€Å"dead, flat blow† reminds us the danger of the storm. The â€Å"mailed army† is a vision of a war against the elements. There are semantic clusters, like in death and battle. The writer uses superlatives to convey and craft his ideas, such as â€Å"most extra†,†wildest maddest†, and â€Å"unparalleled†. Hardy uses very dramatic vocabulary. He often uses personification, metaphors and similes. His sentence structure is strong, â€Å"heaven opened then indeed†. He has a strong use of discourse markers. In ‘The Times’ article, the author uses vivid language that best describes her visions and feelings at the time. â€Å"And then the horizon vanished†. The story goes form a rather enjoyable and pleasant feeling to sudden chaos. The anxiety and fear of the writer, which was mildly present, totally changes once she begins to descend. The writer fears that she will faint, as she feels the safety bar will not hold her. There is a contrast between the use of language in the beginning and near the end. The sentence structure is normal, with roughly same amount of words in each sentence. She often uses personification, metaphors and similes to convey her experience. She has a strong use of discourse markers. The structure of ‘Far from the Madding crowd’ is linear, ands follows on form beginning to middle to end in a very straightforward fashion. The structure of ‘The Times’ piece is similar to that of ‘Far from the Madding Crowd’ in the way that it has a linear structure, but the main difference is that there are four segments. The first segment is before the rollercoaster, and then before and leading up to the pinnacle, then the â€Å"free fall† and leading to the end, then actually ending and getting off the rollercoaster.

Critical Expressive essays

Critical Expressive essays Vincent Van Gogh was born in Brabant, Holland in 1853. His bizarre sense of colour disallowed his access to any art school. It was however this unique impressionism that made his work so popular and valuable to this very day. Van Gogh moved to Paris later on in his life to join his brother Theo. Theo and Van Gogh were always close friends; he always encouraged and inspired him. It was in Paris that Van Gogh started to substitute the dark tones in favour of pure primary and secondary colours. He also began to use a technique known as impasto: paint applied thickly without any hesitation. After two years in Paris, during which he painted over 200 pictures, Van Gogh moved to Arles in the south of France where he joined Paul Gauguin, one of his close friends. The tension between the two artists became too strong for them to continue working in the same presence as one another. It was due to this that Gauguin later announced to move back to Paris. A while after the statement Gaug uin found himself being followed by Van Gogh whom was making gestures with a razor blade. He returned to the 'yellow house' where he and Van Gogh lived that following morning to find that Van Gogh had been taken to hospital after cutting off part of his ear. After this traumatic episode, Van Gogh voluntarily retired to an asylum for the insane at StRemydeProvence. Van Gogh died a while later in 1890 after shooting himself in the chest whilst painting in the Auvres. The painting I have chosen by Vincent Van Gogh is a self-portrait painted in 1889. The composition of the painting is in portrait format and consists of Van Goghs head and upper body. Van Gogh uses a subtle green in the background of the portrait, which is applied in a curvilinear motion using the technique impasto. He also mixed bees wax with his oil paints to create the thickness of the painting. In his face and cl...

Make Your Own Homemade Hand Sanitizer

Make Your Own Homemade Hand Sanitizer Some commercial hand sanitizer contains ingredients as scary as the germs they protect you from, so why not make your own hand sanitizer from ingredients you select? This is an excellent project for kids as well as adults since the project can be expanded to include a discussion about hygiene and disinfection. Youll save money, protect yourself from germs, and can customize the scent of the hand sanitizer so it doesnt smell medicinal. Homemade Hand Sanitizer Ingredients 2/3 cup 99% rubbing alcohol (isopropyl alcohol) or ethanol1/3 cup aloe vera gel8-10 drops essential oil, optional (such as lavender, vanilla, peppermint, grapefruit)bowl and spoonfunnelrecycled liquid soap or hand sanitizer bottle Make Hand Sanitizer Nothing could be easier! Simply mix the ingredients together and then use the funnel to pour them into the bottle. Screw the pump back onto the bottle and youre ready to go. How It Works The active ingredient in this hand sanitizer recipe is the alcohol, which needs to comprise at least 60% of the product in order to be an effective disinfectant. Essential Oils in Hand Sanitizer In addition to adding fragrance to your hand sanitizer, the essential oil you choose may also help protect you against germs. For example, thyme and clove oil have antimicrobial properties. If you are using antimicrobial oils, only use a drop or two, since these oils tend to be very powerful and might irritate your skin. Other oils, such as lavender or chamomile, may help soothe your skin.

Life of Muhammad & The History of Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Life of Muhammad & The History of Islam - Essay Example In his teenage years, he married a widow but did not embrace polygamy. In those days, polygamy was a common occurrence. He developed a habit of visiting a certain cave in which one could only witness the sky and the mountains around. In later years when Muhammad turned forty, he received his first revelation from Allah. This happened in 610 CE and continued for the next twenty-two years. He began preaching the new faith to close people after two years of revelation. Later he started spreading the word to people publicly. However, he received opposition from most idol worshippers in the region. Despite the opposition, he still had many followers who listened and sought advice. The disbelievers, from the tribe of Quraysh, started an operation to stop the spread of Islam. The believers were constantly persecuted. Muhammad saw the suffering of the believers and could sometimes advice them to escape to safer regions. There was a plot to assassinate Muhammad quietly by the tribe of Quraysh but did not succeed. Many believe that a divine intervention saved Muhammad. He later fell ill and died (Allen & Toorawa 4-10). The word Islam in Arabic language means submission. The followers of the religion are referred to as Muslims. The Muslims population is about a billion worldwide (Allen & Toorawa 4). As others believe that Islam began in Mecca, where Prophet Muhammad was born, others believe that it has been in existence since the time of Adam, Abraham and Jesus. The religion is known to start spreading after the death of the last prophet Muhammad. The division after the death of Muhammad led to the formation of two groups. These groups were Shia and Sunni. The Shia believe that Muhammad named a successor, and they follow the authoritative teachings from them. On the other hand, the Sunni rely on the teachings from the hadith. These two groups became the main ones in Islam. They both believe in Quran, and the distinction is only in leadership beliefs. By the end of

Correctional Mulicultural Substance Abuse Treatments Term Paper

Correctional Mulicultural Substance Abuse Treatments - Term Paper Example However, a new thinking has taken root in those who provide support and assistance to substance abusers that take into account the nuances inherent in a culturally-diverse society. This new paradigm produced what is called as â€Å"recovery movement† that includes the involvement of other stakeholders within the larger community. The old service delivery model was proven untenable, as people respond differently to substance abuse treatment based from their own cultural and ethnic backgrounds. Through this lens, prevention, cessation, detoxification interventions have now adopted this new approach. Multicultural realities are now recognized as having a big influence, and ultimately the eventual success, of any program. This is shown by the requirement that counselors need to undergo additional training in cultural and ethnic sensitivity, to enable them to administer these programs much better with higher chances of preventing recidivism among abusers. The new mentality is to tr eat abusers as victims and not as perpetrators of a crime, in light of the new thrust of an enlightened criminal justice system. Keywords: abuse, culture, ethnicities, language, programs, substance, treatment Introduction The drug menace has gotten worse over the years, with those who abuse illegal drugs in almost all spheres of society. Whether in high schools, in colleges and universities, in workplace situations, in non-profit organizations or even in the military, drug abuse has become prevalent. It has put a huge strain on government resources, and the fight against illegal drugs has not seen any improvement despite the best of efforts by many government agencies tasked in the â€Å"war on drugs† as it has become a very lucrative industry. People turn to drugs for a variety of reasons, in most instances trying it out first just for curiosity, but then people get hooked and they cannot shake their addiction anymore. It takes great willpower to desist from using illegal dr ugs and has been a big drain on government resources and also on the various agencies tasked to eradicate it. Some people turn to drug pushing in order to earn money while others use it for the â€Å"high.† Whatever is the underlying reason why a person gets hooked on drugs, there is always the heavy task of rehabilitating these drug addicts through the process of drug treatments, in case they want to regain back their normal lives. The criminal justice system, anchored on the three pillars of law enforcement by the police to catch drug criminals and users, the judiciary which is charged with trying those accused of the crime, and the corrections system which seeks to put in prison those found guilty, and eventually to rehabilitate all the drug victims, has fought a losing battle against this insidious menace which destroys lives and in turn, destroys the social fabric. A variety of approaches have been utilized in the later part of this fight against illegal drugs, that is, helping drug addicts and illegal substances abusers shake off their habit. This paper examines the techniques used to deal with abusers inside the corrections, based on multicultural realities. Discussion People respond differently to different approaches, as no two persons are exactly alike. The trend in health care today is what is